A
causa de (because
of, followed by noun or infinitive)
A causa de que (because of, followed by indicative)
A
fin de (in order to, like para, followed by infinitive with
no shift of subject)
A fin de que (so that, followed by subjunctive clause)
Ahora
que (now that – followed by indicative in all cases)
A menos que (unless,
followed by subjunctive clause)
Antes
(before as an Adverb. Nunca lo he hecho
antes.)
Antes de (before, followed by noun or infinitive, no shift of
subject)
Antes de que (before, followed by a subjunctive clause)
Aunque
(although, followed by indicative because it is a fact)
Aunque (even if, or although it may---
followed by subjunctive because it is unknown)
Como
(as or how – improperly “like” Followed by subjunctive if it
means “however it may…” and it is open-ended or unknown.
Followed by indicative if it is known and specific.
E.g. como quieras—as you like, however you may like it…)
Con
tal de (provided that—followed by infinitive with no shift of
subject)
Con tal de que (provided that—always followed by the subjunctive)
Cuando
(when, followed by subjunctive only if the independent clause
suggests a future activity, and the second clause is an anticipated
activity that will happen)
De
manera que/de modo que – (in such a way that, followed by subjunctive if the second
clause is unknown, suggest “may” or “might”)
Después
(later, then, connects events chronologically)
Después de (after, followed by a noun or infinitive, no shift
of subject)
Después de que (after, followed by a conjugated verb—subjunctive
if the independent clause is future or implies future)
Donde
(where, wherever --
see “como” above)
En
caso de (in case
of,
followed by infinitive with no shift of subject)
En caso de que (in case of, followed by subjunctive)
En
cuanto (as soon as, followed by subjunctive only if future/anticipated)
Mientras
que (while—followed by indicative)
Mientras que (as long as, anticipated--followed by subjunctive)
Para
(for, in order to, followed by noun or infinitive)
Para que (so that--followed by a subjunctive clause)
Porque
(because – always followed by indicative. To express "because
of.." use "a causa de" or even just "por")
Sin
(without-followed by noun or infinitive, no shift of
subject)
Sin que (without-followed by a subjunctive clause)
Sino
(but, but rather—followed by noun or infinitive)
Sino que (but rather that—followed by an indicative clause)
Ya
que (now that--followed by indicative in all cases)
Otras expresiones conectivas y transicionales
Temporales-Cronológicas
primero, segundo, tercero, etc.
al principio
al mismo tiempo
entonces--then, therefore
luego--then, later, therefore
después--then, after
por fin, finalmente, últimamente -- at
last
pasado mañana -- day after tomorrow (once tomorrow is passed)
Comparativas
del mismo modo, de la misma manera -- by the same token,
similarly
igualmente -- likewise, equally
también -- also, too tampoco -- either, neither
además -- besides, furthermore
O tal cosa ocurre O cosa distinta ocurre -- either
this or that
Ni tal cosa ocurre ni otra cosa ocurre --
Neither this nor that happens
Sin embargo -- nevertheless, however, yet
Al contrario -- on the contrary
Mientras que -- meanwhile, whereas
por otro lado - o - por otra parte -- on the other hand
Por un lado (una parte)..., por el otro (la otra).... -- on
the one hand...., on the other hand...
al mismo tiempo -- at the same time
A pesar de, Pese a -- In spite of
Causa y efecto
como, dado que, ya que, puesto que -- since (in a logical
sense)
por eso, por esta razón, entonces, por lo tanto, por
consiguiente -- therefore
a causa de, por, debido a -- because of
Otras Expresiones Útiles
Con razón -- No wonder ...
En buena hora -- It's about time
Ni que hablar tiene (que/de) – Not to mention
