Feelings and States of Mind and Body
In order to understand this tutorial, you should also look
at the Ser vs Estar tutorial.
That will help explain why SER is not used for this particular
purpose.
estar + adjective describes a condition
sentirse (ie) + adjective similar to estar,
but refers to a feeling
ponerse + adjective describes a change of condition--to
become or get ....
hacerle + adjective describes the action
of causing someone to feel ...
hacerlo + infinitive same as above, but for some few
verbs
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Estoy
contento. (I am happy) |
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Me
siento contento (I feel happy) |
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Me
pongo contento. (I get happy, or become happy) |
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El
dinero me hace contento. (Money makes me happy) |
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La
música me pone contento. (Music makes me happy) |
In many cases there are specific verbs that allow you to omit
the verbs ponerse or hacerle. They can be used in reflexive
(intransitive) structures to refer to "get sad" or
"become sad", or they can be used in transitive structures
(with LE) to refer to something making someone sad.
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aburrirse,
aburrirle (get bored, to bore someone) |
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cansarse,
cansarle (to get tired, to tire someone) |
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confundirse,
confundirle (to get confused, to confuse someone) |
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deprimirse,
deprimirle (to get depressed, to depress someone) |
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enamorarse
de (to fall in love) |
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enfermarse
(to get sick) |
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entristecerse,
entristecerle (get sad, to sadden someone) |
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frustrarse, frustrarle (to
become frustrated, to frustrate someone) |
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obsesionarse, obsesionarle (to
become obsessed, to obsess someone) |
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ocuparse
ocuparle (to busy oneself, to busy someone) |
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ofenderse,
ofenderle (to be offended, to offend someone) |
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preocuparse,
preocuparle (to worry or get worried, to worry
someone) |
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sorprenderse, sorprenderle (to become surprised, to surprise
someone) |
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volverse
loco, enloquecerse (to go crazy) |
Verbs like Gustarle that typically aren't used in reflexive
structures like the above verbs:
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encantarle
(to be enchanted by someone or something) fastidiarle
(to annoy, irritate), irritarle, molestarle (to bother,
annoy), disgustarle--to bother, annoy |
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fascinarle,
interesarle, importarle |
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caerle
bien, caerle mal -- use this for people like people, or
for describing the way clothing looks on someone.
Alicia me cae mal. (I don't like Alicia). Los
pantalones te caen bien. (The pants look good on you) |
Exceptions
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enojarse,
hacerlo enjojar |
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asustarlo,
espantarlo |
Indirect object verbs that do not describe emotional reactions,
but work similar to GUSTAR.
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faltarle,
hacerle falta -- difficult to translate. It combines
"lack" and "need" into a single:
Me faltan diez minutos para terminar el examen. (I need
10 more minutes to finish the test) Le hace falta
dinero. (He needs money) |
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quedarle
-- to remain, be left over, to fit (clothing).
Sólo me quedan 3 dólares. (I only have $3,00 left.)
Esa chaqueta no te queda bien. (That jacket doesn't
look good on you.) |
Other adjective vocabulary:
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de
buen/mal humor |
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enamorado |
HACER & TENER Expressions
As was noted on the Ser vs. Estar page,
Spanish uses the verb TENER followed by a NOUN in some situations
where English speakers typically use the verb TO BE followed
by an ADJECTIVE.
For the sake of understanding the thinking behind them, it
is useful to note that these structures are used instead of
ESTAR + adjective, and not instead of SER + ADJECTIVE.
That means that they refer to changing states and not to characteristics
of personality.
English: I am hungry. Spanish: Tengo
hambre. (hambre = hunger, not hungry)
English: I am thirsty. Spanish: Tengo sed (sed
= thirst, not thirsty)
Notice that this corresponds to a similar phenomenon that you
learned with Weather expressions.
It's hot. Hace calor. Therefore, when
it's hot out, and you are hot, you say: Tengo calor.
It's cold. Hace frío. Tengo frío.
TENER EXPRESSIONS:
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coldness--el
frío Tengo frío. |
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fear--el
miedo Tengo miedo de los perros grandes. |
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heat--el
calor Hace mucho calor, por eso,
tengo calor. |
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hunger--el
hambre No he comido. Tengo mucho hambre. |
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hurriedness--la
prisa |
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jealousy--los
celos |
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shame--la
vergüenza |
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sleepiness--el
sueño |
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thirst--la
sed |
With all of these expressions, you can use the verb DARLE to
create the equivalent effect of the reflexive verbs for becoming.
You can become jealous, but if you use the noun "jealousy",
you will have to refer to something "gives me jealousies."
(Me da celos) It makes perfect sense if you remember that
these are nouns, not adjectives.
Examples.
Me pongo asustado cuando veo a un vampiro.
(I become frightened)
Los vampiros me dan miedo. (Vampires make me afraid)
Tengo miedo de los vampiros. |
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