As you recall,
Indirect Objects are USUALLY people, and they are either receiving
some object, losing an object, being beneficiaries of actions
done to something on their behalf, or the victims of actions that
happened to them.
Some verbs almost always have an indirect object with them,
and you must now get used to including the pronoun that you
have probably been getting away with omitting.
I am going to give you a present you're going to like.
Voy a darte un regalo que te va a gustar. (Te voy
a dar un regalo que va gustarte)
We are going to give her a present she is going to like.
Le vamos a dar un regalo que le va a gustar. (Vamos
a darle un regalo que va a gustarle)
The verb GUSTAR and other verbs of emotional reaction use the
indirect object pronoun "LE" even though there is
not a direct object implied. Hablar is another verb that
uses the pronoun LE instead of LO, even though there is no direct
object.
The verb DAR almost always has a recipient of the Direct Object.
When it does, you should always include an indirect object pronoun.
(me te, le, nos, les)
DECIR is another one. You should have the following structures
memorized (assuming you know the preterite tense)
Le dije. (I said to him/her/you formal)
Me dijo (he said to me)
Te dije (I told you)
Me dijiste (You told me)
Many, many verbs can function as BOTH "two ball"
and "three ball verbs." (Refer back to the Objects
Page.)
I read that book. Leí ese libro.
I read that book to him. Le leí ese libro (a él).
Unlike the case of the Direct Object, you can clarify the indirect
object pronoun. With the Direct Object, you use EITHER
the pronoun or the full noun or name.
If you combine direct and indirect object pronouns, use this
sequence.
RID
Reflexivo
indirecto directo
Le
+ lo = se lo Les + lo = se lo
For
our purposes in class now, avoid doing this. Always restate
the direct object in order to avoid combining the two pronouns.
The following exercises show the double pronouns, so you know
how to do them, but I don't expect you to use double pronouns
yet.
You can repeat the indirect object to clarify it, but you must
include the indirect object pronoun.
You cannot repeat the direct object if you have used a direct
object pronoun. However, it is acceptable if the fully
stated direct object comes before the verb and the direct object
pronoun. (Veo a Juan. Lo veo.
A Juan lo veo. All are correct, but it is incorrect to
say: Lo veo a Juan.)
The following exercises come from the textbook for the SPAN
2000 class:
Ilustración
en p. 53 de Lengua
1.
Son padres que esperan tener hijos.
2.
El producto que la fábrica les ofrece a los padres que
esperan tener hijos es bebés.
La
fábrica les ofrece bebés.
3.
Le describen lo que quieren.
Los
padres que quieren tener hijos le describen al técnico la apariencia
física y la personalidad de los bebés que quieren tener.
El
técnico les muestra la apariencia física y la personalidad de
los bebés que los padres que quieren tener hijos quieren tener.
Les
muestra la imagen del bebé.
El
científico crea en su laboratorio los bebés que le describen
al técnico.
Crea
los bebés. Los crea.
La
primera empleada les cura el ombligo
La
segunda les pone talco.
La
tercera les pone el pañal.
La
cuarta les toma el número y les da los bebés.
ilustraciones
en p. 54
1.
Te doy un recado.
Un estudiante le hace una pregunta a la profesora.
Levanta la mano para hacérsela.
(para hacerle la pregunta) La profesora les explica el
problema de matemáticas a los estudiantes.
Asking
questions...
To find out the subject, ask quién.
¿Quién
les explica el problema?
La profesora se lo explica. La profesora Les explica
el problema.
To find out the indirect object, ask "a quién le"
or "a quién les"
¿A
quién le ... or
¿A quiénes les explica el problema la profesora? (you
can't include "los estudiantes" in the question because
it is unknown. It is essential to state it in the answer
because that is what the questioner wants to know.)
Se
lo explica a los estudiantes.
Les explica el problema a los estudiantes.
To find out the direct object, ask "qué."
¿Qué
les explica la profesora a los estudiantes? (can't use
LO or el problema in this one because it is unknown)
Les
explica el problema. (Don't use LO in this)
