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| KEY |
| 1st
person
I, me, myself
|
2nd
person informal
you, yourself
|
2nd
person formal
you, yourself
|
3rd
person
she, he, it, him, her,
it, himself, herself, itself
|
| 1st
person plural
we, us, ourselves
|
2nd
person plural informal in
Spain (& in Latin America)
you, "y'all"
|
2nd
person plural formal
you, "y'all"
|
3rd
person plural
they, them, themselves
|
| The
second person formal and third person pronouns are different,
but the verb endings are not, hence the tables on this
page have four columns while those on the various verb
conjugation pages have only three columns. |
| Subject
(Does the action) |
| yo |
tú |
Ud,
usted |
él,
ella (no subject "it") |
| nosotros |
vosotros
(Uds) |
Uds.,
ustedes |
ellos,
ellas |
| Subject
pronouns are reflected in the verb ending |
| Direct
Object (Receives the action) |
| me |
te |
lo,
la |
lo,
la |
| nos |
os
(los, las) |
los,
las |
los,
las |
| Object
pronouns precede conjugated verbs, or are attached to
the end of infinitives and progressive participles.
This is true of all subsequent object pronouns, except
for prepositional pronouns. Te miro, Le gusta, Se acuesta,
Voy a hablarte or Te voy a hablar.
For excercises,
click
this link. |
| Indirect
Object (Receives object from subject) |
| me
a mí
|
te
a ti
|
le
a Ud.
|
le
a él, a ella
|
| nos
a nosotros
|
os
(les)
a vosotros (a Uds)
|
les
a Uds.
|
les
a ellos, a ellas
|
| In
most cases the Indirect Object pronoun is mandatory
while the clarification (always with "a")
is optional |
| The
preposition "A" is the ONLY one that can be
used with indirect objects. It usually means "to",
but in some cases it means "from" (de) or
"for" (para) |
| Reflexive
Object (action reflected back on subject. click
here for more info.) |
| me |
te |
se |
se |
| nos |
os
(se) |
se |
se |
| Prepositional
Pronouns (for me,
to you, with him, by her, etc. click
here for more info.) |
| mí
(conmigo) |
ti
(contigo) |
Ud,
sí (consigo) |
él,
ella, sí, ello (neuter)
(consigo) |
| nosotros |
vosotros |
Uds.
sí (consigo) |
ellos,
ellas, sí, ellos (neuter) |
| Notice
the following English sentences: He and I are friends.
The argument is between
him and me. Examples: Es para ti.
El libro es de Ud. Se lo llevó consigo.
Quiero bailar contigo. |
| Possessive
Adjectives |
| mi,
mis |
tu,
tus |
su,
sus |
su,
sus |
| nuestro
nuestra nuestros nuestras |
vuestro
vuestra vuestros vuestras |
su,
sus |
su,
sus |
| note:
there is much ambiguity in su-sus. Clarification can
be made by using the long form: de él, de Ud., etc. |
| Possessive
Pronouns (all have 4 forms each) |
| mío(s) |
tuyo(s) |
suyo(s) |
suyo(s) |
| nuestro(s) |
vuestro(s) |
suyo(s) |
suyo(s) |
| the
indefinite "whose" is cuyo(s) These are almost
always preceded by a definite article--el mío, los tuyos,
la nuestra. |
| Demonstrative
Adjectives and Pronouns |
| |
NEAR |
FAR |
FARTHER |
| masculine |
este
estos |
ese,
esos |
aquel,
aquellos |
| feminine |
esta,
estas |
esa,
esas |
aquella,
aquellas |
| neuter |
esto,
estos |
eso,
esos |
aquello,
aquellos |
| Add
an accent mark to the stressed syllable to indicate
that it is being used as a pronoun rather than an adjective:
ese libro -- ése. esta silla -- ésta, etc. |
| Neuter
Pronouns (Used when
the pronoun represents something that does not have
gender. All are obviously third person, and serve
different grammatical or linguistic functions) |
| que |
lo
que |
esto |
eso |
| aquello |
ello
(used after prepositions) |
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