| For
the Present Subjunctive, begin with the yo form present
tense, change the vowel
from O to A for ER & IR verbs, and O to E for AR verbs. If
the verb does not end in O in the yo form, it is one of the six
irregulars.
Subjunctive Tense (Present
subjunctive)
| AR
verbs (regular) HABLAR |
| hable |
hables |
hable |
| hablemos |
habléis
(hablen) |
hablen |
| ER
verbs (regular) COMER |
| coma |
comas |
coma |
| comamos |
comáis
(coman) |
coman |
| IR
verbs (regular) ESCRIBIR |
| escriba |
escribas |
escriba |
| escribamos |
escribáis
(escriban) |
escriban |
All verbs that
do not end in O in the Yo form...
| SER
(Irregular) |
| sea |
seas |
sea |
| seamos |
seáis |
sean |
| IR
(Irregular) |
| vaya |
vayas |
vaya |
| vayamos |
vayáis
(vayan) |
vayan |
| DAR
(Irregular) |
| dé |
des |
dé |
| demos |
deis |
den |
| ESTAR
(Irregular) |
| esté |
estés |
estén |
| estemos |
estéis |
estén |
| SABER
(Irregular) |
| sepa |
sepas |
sepa |
| sepamos |
sepáis |
sepan |
| HABER
(Irregular) |
| haya |
hayas |
haya |
| hayan |
hayáis |
hayan |
STEM CHANGING VERBS
AR and ER verbs have stem
changes exactly like the present tense. The same verbs stem
change. Click here to see the rules explained: Stem
changing verbs
| regular
stem-changing (e to ie) QUERER |
| quiera |
quieras |
quiera |
| queramos |
queráis
(quieran) |
quieran |
| entender
comenzar volver (and many, many more) |
IR
stem changing verbs are different though!!! BEWARE
| regular
stem-changing (e to ie) MENTIR |
| mienta |
mientas |
mienta |
| mintamos |
mintáis
(mientan) |
mientan |
| divertirse,
sentirse, hervir, (and many more) |
| regular
stem-changing (e to i) SERVIR |
| sirva |
sirvas |
sirva |
| sirvamos |
sirvaís
(sirvan) |
sirvan |
| pedir
repetir vestirse reírse (and many more) |
| regular
stem-changing (o to ue) DORMIR |
| duerma |
duermas |
duerma |
| durmamos |
durmáis
(duerman) |
duerman |
| morir |
Verbs that end with --uir have
a different type of stem change called "orthographic,"
which means that it changes spelling to maintain consistent
pronunciation. (It only LOOKS irregular, but doesn't SOUND irregular).
Similar to the preterite YO form
irregulars, the subjunctive has changes in ALL FORMS: GAR --
GUE, CAR -- QUE, ZAR -- CE
GAR,
CAR, ZAR
PAGAR, TOCAR, CAZAR |
| pague,
toque, cace |
pagues,
toques, caces |
pague,
toque, cace |
| paguemos,
toquemos, cacemos |
paguéis
(paguen) toquéis, cacéis |
paguen,
toquen, cacen |
"Double
whammy"
JUGAR, ALMORZAR |
| juegue,
almuerce |
juegues,
almuerces |
juegue,
almuerce |
| juguémos,
almorcemos |
juguéis,
almorcéis |
jueguen,
almuercen |
ALL YO FORM IRREGULAR VERBS HAVE
THE SAME IRREGULARITY IN ALL FORMS OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE
huirse--me huyo, te huyes, se huye,
nos huimos, os huis, se huyen. (fluir, instruir, destruir)
Seguir (to follow) and other verbs
that end with seguir (conseguir, perseguir) have an orthographic
change as well, but only in the yo form: sigo, sigues, sigue,
seguimos, seguis, siguen
Coger (to catch) and other verbs
that end with coger (recoger, acoger) have an orthographic change
in all the subjunctive forms too: coja, cojas, coja, cojamos,
cojáis, cojan NOTE: coger is not in descent usage in Latin America,
use agarrar instead. Other compounds like recoger are common
in both Spain and Latin America. Coger is very common in Spain.
Conocer (to know, be acquainted
with) conozco--conozca, conozcas, conozca, conozcamos, conozcáis,
conozcan (all verbs ending in -ecer, -ducir)
| irregular
1st person SALIR |
| salga |
salgas |
salga |
| salgamos |
salgáis
(salgan) |
salgan |
| hacer-haga
poner-ponga conocer-conozca
producir-produzca traer-traiga |
| irregular
1st person & stem chg. TENER |
| tenga |
tengas |
tengas |
| tengamos |
tengáis |
tengan |
| venir-venga
decir-diga seguir-siga |
The
Imperfect Subjunctive
is formed
by starting with the ELLOS form of the Preterite
Perfect, drop
the -RON and replace it with either -RA or -SE (the first is
more common, the second is more traditional linguistically speaking).
Add S for tú, add MOS for nosotros, IS for vosotros and N for
ellos--the same process as used for the Imperfect and Present
subjunctive. Remember that there are no exceptions or irregulars,
but you have to know the Preterite perfect tense, which has
LOTS of irregulars.
For an explanation
of when and how to use this tense, see the
Uses
of the Subjunctive page.
| Imperfect
or Past Subjunctive |
hablara
hablase
comiera
comiese
escribiera
escribiese
|
hablaras
hablases
comieras
comieses
escribieras
escribieses
|
hablara
hablase
comiera
comiese
escribiera
escribiese
|
habláramos
hablásemos
comiéramos
comiésemos
escribiéramos
escribiésemos
|
hablarais
hablaseis
comierais
comieseis
escribierais
escribieseis
|
hablaran
hablasen
comieran
comiesen
escribieran
escribiesen
|
| There
are no exceptions, no irregulars, no difference between
AR, ER or IR verbs IFyou
know the ELLOS form of the Preterite
Perfect |
|
|
|
